The AI terms that
actually matter.
Clear, technical definitions of 87 key concepts — written by AI engineers, not marketers.
Generative AI (Gen AI)
Generative AI is a branch of artificial intelligence that creates new content or data patterns mimicking human-like creativity, based on learned information from existing datasets.
Read definitionGenerative Engine Optimization (GEO)
Generative Engine Optimization (GEO) is the process of optimizing content to be discovered, retrieved, and cited by AI-driven generative search engines like Perplexity, ChatGPT, and Google AI Overviews.
Read definitionGLM-5.1
GLM-5.1 is an open-weight 754-billion-parameter Mixture-of-Experts model from Z.AI that achieves state-of-the-art results on SWE-Bench Pro and can sustain autonomous agentic execution for up to 8 hours on a single task.
Read definitionGLM-5.2
GLM-5.2 is Z.AI's open-weight (~753B-parameter Mixture-of-Experts) flagship, released June 2026 under the MIT License. It pairs a genuinely usable 1-million-token context window with best-in-class open agentic-coding performance — 62.1 on SWE-bench Pro and 81.0 on Terminal-Bench 2.1 — at roughly one-sixth the price of comparable frontier models.
Read definitionGPT-OSS Series
OpenAI's first open-weight reasoning model family gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b released under Apache 2.0, bringing frontier-level intelligence to self-hosted deployments.
Read definitionGraphRAG
GraphRAG is an advanced retrieval technique that builds a knowledge graph from source documents — extracting entities, relationships, and community summaries — then uses that graph structure to answer complex, multi-hop questions that traditional vector-search RAG cannot handle well.
Read definitionGrouped Query Attention (GQA)
Grouped Query Attention (GQA) is the attention variant behind nearly every serving-optimized LLM today: it splits query heads into groups that each share one key/value head, shrinking the KV cache and memory-bandwidth cost of inference while keeping quality close to full multi-head attention.
Read definitionHalf-Duplex Agent
A half-duplex agent is a voice AI system that speaks and listens one at a time, like a walkie-talkie — waiting for the user to finish before responding — as opposed to a full-duplex agent, which can listen and speak simultaneously.
Read definitionHermes Agent
Hermes Agent is an open-source, self-improving AI agent built by Nous Research that runs as a local gateway process, remembers across sessions, writes its own reusable skills, and reaches you through Telegram, Discord, Slack, WhatsApp, Signal, or the CLI.
Read definitionHNSW (Hierarchical Navigable Small Worlds)
HNSW is a graph-based approximate nearest neighbour (ANN) algorithm that organizes vectors into layered, navigable small-world graphs, enabling logarithmic-time similarity search over billions of embeddings — the default indexing strategy in nearly every production vector database.
Read definitionHuman-in-the-Loop (HITL)
Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) is an architectural pattern and risk management strategy where human judgment, oversight, and intervention are intentionally integrated into an AI system’s lifecycle to ensure accuracy, safety, and alignment.
Read definitionHybrid Search
Hybrid search runs lexical retrieval (typically BM25) and semantic retrieval (dense vector search) against the same query, then fuses the two ranked lists into one, combining exact-term precision with conceptual recall. It has become the default recommendation, not an advanced option, across nearly every major vector database as of 2025-2026.
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